Humans can also be infected with influenza viruses that are routinely circulating in animal s, such as avian influenza virus subtypes ah5n1 and ah9n2 and swine influenza virus subtypes ah1n1 and h3n2. Avian influenza known informally as avian flu or bird flu is a variety of influenza caused by viruses adapted to birds. Pdf pandemic of avian influenzae ai cause outbreak in asia including in indonesia. Virus influenza adalah virus yang mudah menular dari penderita ke orang lain terutama jika terinfeksi bersin atau batuk. The infection is highly contagious among birds, and only a few known cases of human avian influenza have been documented. Flu viruses are constantly changing and animal flu viruses can change such that they may gain the ability to infect people easily and spread among people, causing a pandemic. Avian influenza bird flu avian influenza refers to the disease caused by infection with avian bird influenza flu type a viruses.
Influenza a virus subtype h5n1 ah5n1 is a subtype of the influenza a virus which can cause illness in humans and many other animal species. Avian influenza virus infection can occur in most, if not all, species of birds, both domestic and wild. Influenza wikipedia bahasa indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas. There are many types of influenza viruses that usually only infect birds. Jul 09, 2007 the purpose of this paper is to discuss the characteristics of avian influenza, describe the success of dos during the 19181919 spanish influenza pandemic, describe the evidence base for the inclusion of omt as part of the preparedness plan for the treatment of avian influenza, and describe some of the specific omt procedures that could be. Avian influenza a h5n1, or highly pathogenic avian influenza hpai, has. Influenza report is a medical textbook that provides a comprehensive overview of epidemic and pandemic influenza download pdf. Flu burung wikipedia bahasa indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas. Department of agriculture usda is working with its partners on the international and domestic fronts to help control the spread of highpathogenicity h5n1 avian influenza. The infection of humans with an h5 avian influenza virus in hong kong in 1997 has resulted in a reconsideration of the role of the avian species in the epidemiology of human influenza. Pdf live bird markets lbm are essential for marketing poultry in many developing countries.
Who information for the molecular detection of influenza. Terkadang mamalia, termasuk manusia, dapat tertular flu burung. Future influenza pandemics will likely be caused by an avian virus possessing a hemaggluttinin surface protein to which humans lack immunity. This pdf bahasa indonesia has been read 6534 times. Controlling avian influenza viruses in poultry is crucial to preventing those viruses from evolving to infect people. The ongoing outbreak of avian influenza a virus subtype h5n1 infection in asia is of great concern because of the high human case fatality rate and the threat of a new influenza pandemic. We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Bird flu is similar to swine flu, dog flu, horse flu and human flu as an illness caused by strains of influenza viruses that have adapted to a specific host. Human infections with bird flu viruses can happen when enough virus.
Pdf avian influenza ah5n1 virus outbreak investigation. Virus influenza a wikipedia bahasa indonesia, ensiklopedia. Kasus flu akibat virus tipe c terjadi lebih jarang dari a dan b. A virus is defined as hpai or lpai by its ability to cause severe disease in intravenously inoculated young chickens in the laboratory, or by its. The initial outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza ah5n1 among poultry.
The secure food supply plans for poultry, milk, pork and beef were developed to aid producers, transporters and food processors in the event of a foreign animal disease outbreak, like high pathogenicity avian influenza hpai. Other species including horses and dogs also hav e their own varieties of influenza viruses. Avian influenza bird flu what is avian influenza and what causes it. Feb 12, 2020 prophylactic antivirals are not indicated for patients who plan to travel to areas where avian influenza has been reported. Avian influenza viruses are classified as either low pathogenic also called low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses or highly pathogenic high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses. One strain of avian influenza currently identified in asia and europe is known as influenza ah5n1. Virus influenza a adalah spesies virus yang menyebabkan influenza pada burung dan beberapa mamalia, dan merupakan satusatunya spesies pada genus alphainfluenzavirus dari famili orthomyxoviridae. A birdadapted strain of h5n1, called hpai ah5n1 for highly pathogenic avian influenza virus of type a of subtype h5n1, is the highly pathogenic causative agent of h5n1 flu, commonly known as avian. In this study, the authors infected 5monthold cats using 2 different north american shorebird avian influenza viruses h1n9 and h6n4 subtypes, 3 cats per virus, with the goal of expanding the. This particular ah7n9 virus had not previously been seen in either animals or people until it was found in march 20 in china. Read avian influenza books like the secret of success in tropical poultry husbandry and avian immunology for free with a free 30day trial. Avian influenza virus infections have been detected occasionally in numerous species of mammals. The highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype h5n1 is already. Asian highly pathogenic avian influenza hpai ah5n1 virus occurs mainly in birds and is highly contagious among them.
The disease can vary from mild to severe, depending on the virus strain involved. Avian influenza is an extremely infectious and potentially fatal disease in poultry. Beberapa isolat virus influenza a dapat menyebabkan penyakit yang berat, baik pada burung domestik dan terkadang pada manusia. Avian influenza a h5n1 virus outbreak investigation. Countries continue to support the sustained monitoring of antimicrobial use in the animal sector. Diagnosis is by isolation and characterisation of the virus. Avian influenza is a viral disease that can affect bird species throughout the world.
Fifteen low pathogenic avian influenza lpai outbreaks were. Introduction a disease capable of causing extremely high up to 100% mortality in poultry was first distinguished from bacterial diseases, such as fowl cholera, by perroncito in 1878. However, by the end of october, only 59 people had died as a result of h5n1, which was atypical of previous influenza pandemics. Fluburung atau avian influenza ai adalah penyakit zoonosis fatal dan menular serta dapat. Summary of status of development and availability of avian influenza ah7n9 candidate vaccine viruses, who external icon.
Avian influenza a viruses can infect the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract of birds and have been isolated from more than 100 different species of. Bird flu, a viral respiratory disease of poultry and other bird species, including migratory waterbirds, that can be transmitted to humans. Avian influenza, known informally as avian flu or bird flu, is a variety of influenza caused by viruses adapted to birds. Apr, 2017 avian influenza is an extremely infectious and potentially fatal disease in poultry. European union reference laboratory for avian influenza. Experience gained from these events illustrate that different strategies for production.
Infected birds shed avian influenza virus in their saliva, mucous and feces. Dikutip dari medical news today, empat jenis virus influenza adalah. Avian influenza flu burung bagian penyakit dalam fk uisu defenisi definisi. Laboratory biorisk management for laboratories handling human specimens suspected or confirmed to contain avian influenza a h7n9 virus causing human disease interim recommendations cdcpdf 76 kb, 7 pagesexternal. Whether this virus will be introduced into the human population directly or indirectly is uncertain, but at least two mechanisms seem plausible. Avian influenza overview februaryaugust 2019 ecdc europa eu. Request pdf epidemiology of h5n1 avian influenza high pathogenic hp h5n1 avian influenza ai infection has been reported in. Salah satu permasalahan dalam industri unggas adalah penyebaran. Itulah sebabnya hanya virus influenza a dan b termasuk dalam vaksin influenza musiman. Pdf are live bird markets reservoirs of avian influenza. Highly pathogenic asian avian influenza ah5n1 virus. Influenza report has also been published in albanian, chinese, croatian, german, indonesian, italian, mongolian, serbian, and slovenian.
These avian flu viruses occur naturally among birds. Influenza pandemic alerts occurred in 1997 h5n1 virus, 1999 h9n2 virus and 2003 h5n1 and h7n7 viruses, where avian influenza viruses caused serious illness and, on occasions, death in man. H5n1 adalah salah satu subtipe virus influenza a yang menyebabkan penyakit flu burung. Application of the faooiewho fourway linking framework in indonesia article pdf available in zoonoses and public health 625.
However, avian influenza is very contagious among birds and can make some domesticated birds, such as chickens, ducks, and turkeys, very sick and can even cause death. Influenza flu adalah kondisi yang datang secara tibatiba, biasanya berlangsung selama 7 sampai 10 hari. Avian influenza refers to the disease caused by infection with avian bird influenza flu type a viruses. A highly pathogenic avian influenza a h5n1 virus has crossed the species barrier to cause deaths in humans in asia and poses an increasing threat of a pandemic. Avian influenza is a slightly misleading term, as influenza is among the natural infections found in birds. Avian influenza in poultry worlds poultry science journal. Asian h5n1 was first detected in humans in 1997 during a poultry outbreak in hong kong and has since been detected in. Avian influenza is a viral disease affecting the respiratory, digestive, andor nervous system of many species of birds.
Live bird markets have been linked to many outbreaks of avian influenza. Outbreaks of avian influenza viruses later increased in frequency. Avian menghadirkan dunia yang kaya warna, hidup yang bermakna dengan produkproduk berkualitas. Avian influenza general disease information sheets. Some of these species include cats, dogs, pigs, horses, donkeys, mink, and various wild and captive wild mammals. Highly pathogenic asian avian influenza ah5n1 virus avian. Update of who biosafety risk assessment and guidelines for the production and quality control of human influenza vaccines against avian influenza ah7n9 virus pdf icon 604 kb, pages external icon. As such, the term swine flu refers to swine influenza viruses infecting swine, and is. Only type a influenza viruses are known to cause natural infections in birds, but viruses of all 15 haemagglutinin and all nine neuraminidase influenza a subtypes in the majority of possible combinations have been isolated from avian species. Avian influenza a virus infections in humans avian influenza flu. Avian flu cannot be categorized as a pandemic because the virus cannot yet cause sustained and efficient humantohuman transmission.
Avian influenza the center for food security and public health. Virus ini dapat menimbulkan gejala penyakit pernafasan mulai sedang atau bahkan infeksi tanpa gejala sampai dengan akutfatal pada unggas influenza a h5n1 adalah penyebab wabah flu burung. Avian influenza measures that are recommended at the farm level include. Some avian influenza viruses, such as h5n1 or h7n9, have been associated with human disease. Travelers who plan to travel to areas of the world affected by avian influenza outbreaks in birds andor humans are advised to avoid close contact with poultry, especially diseased or dead birds, and to consume only adequately cooked meat. Explore hundreds of publications and online resources now. Avian influenza the disease avian influenza ai is caused by specified viruses that are members of the family orthomyxoviridae and placed in the genus influenzavirus a. Possible mechanisms for the generation of pandemic influenza viruses. Dikenal tiga jenis influenza musiman seasonal yakni a, b dan tipe c. Avian influenza ah7n9 is a subtype of influenza viruses that have been detected in birds in the past. However, avian influenza is very contagious among birds. These viruses occur naturally among wild aquatic birds worldwide and can infect domestic poultry and other bird and animal species.
Learn from avian influenza experts like dennis chikata and elsevier books reference. Fluburung atau avian influenza ai adalah penyakit zoonosis fatal dan menular serta dapat menginfeksi semua jenis burung, manusia, babi, kuda dan anjing. However, healthcare experts around the world are concerned that mutation or genetic exchange with more commonly transmitted human influenza viruses could result in a. The most severe strain, called highly pathogenic avian influenza hpai, is caused by viruses with h5. Once ai is established in domestic poultry, it is a highly contagious disease and wild birds are no longer an essential ingredient for spread. Influenza virus is an orthomyxovirusan enveloped, segmented, negativesense rna virus. When animal influenza viruses infect their natural animal host, they are named for that host, as in avian influenza viruses, swine influenza viruses, equine influenza viruses, etc. Avian influenza is an infection caused by avian bird influenza flu viruses. Avian influenza ai, commonly called bird flu, is a disease found in some populations of wild water fowl that can infect chickens, turkeys, pheasants, quail, ducks, geese and guinea fowl, as well as a wide variety of other domesticated and wild birds. Berbeda dengan epidemi musiman influenza biasa, pandemi ini terjadi secara tidak teratur telah terjadi sekitar sembilan pandemi influenza selama 300 tahun terakhir. Avian influenza is an infection caused by the h5n1 virus. Oseltamivir prophylaxis following suspected exposure of humans to highly pathogenic avian influenza hpai with particular reference to hpai type ah5n1. Pdf pandemic influenza virus has its origins in avian influenza viruses.
His research interests include molecular epidemiology and hostpathogen interaction of avian influenza viruses. Prevention and control of avian influenza in singapore pdf. Some avian influenza viruses circulate in wild bird populations causing no disease or only mild disease. Like other avian viruses of the h5 and h7 subtypes, h5n1 initially caused only mild disease with symptoms, such as ruffled feathers and. The ha0 precursor proteins of avian influenza viruses of low virulence for poultry have a single arginine at the cleavage site and another at position 4. Avian influenza refers to disease caused by infection with avian bird influenza flu type a viruses. P enyakit flu burungavian influenza adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus yang secara alami menginfeksi bangsa burung.
Virus ditularkan melalui air liur terinfeksi yang keluar pada saat penderita batuk. Environmental sampling for avian influenza virus a h5n1 in. Avian influenza disease ai is a disease that can cause high mortality up to 100% in. Read the latest situation report on avian influenza. Influenza viruses vary widely in their ability to cause disease pathogenicity and their ability to spread among birds. Penyebab influenza adalah virus rna yang termasuk dalam keluarga orthomyxoviridae yang dapat menyerang burung, mamalia termasuk manusia. Bird flu is similar to swine flu, dog flu, horse flu and human flu as an illness caused by strains of influenza viruses that have adapted to a. Discover the best avian influenza books and audiobooks.
Penyakit ini menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi yang tinggi karena membunuh ternak ayam dalam jumlah besar. Information on avian influenza avian influenza flu. Influenza, yang lebih dikenal dengan sebutan flu, merupakan penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh virus rna dari familia orthomyxoviridae virus influenza, yang menyerang unggas dan mamalia. Asian highly pathogenic avian influenza hpai a h5n1 virus occurs mainly in birds and is highly contagious among them. Avian influenza is an infectious viral disease that primarily affects birds, although some strains can infect and kill mammals, including humans.
Mar 21, 2019 avian influenza refers to the disease caused by infection with avian bird influenza flu type a viruses. Rapid h5subtypespecific laboratory diagnosis can be made by rt. Virus influenza a adalah jenis yang dapat menginfeksi manusia dan hewan. Influenza a adalah penyebab epidemi flu musiman hampir setiap tahun di amerika serikat. Seventeen avian species and two mammalian species were intranasally inoculated with the zoonotic achickenhong kong22097 chickenhk h5n1 avian influenza ai virus in order to ascertain a. Avian influenza, known informally as avian flu or bird flu, is a variety of influenza caused by.
Wild birds worldwide carry the viruses, but usually do not become sick. The haemagglutinin glycoprotein for influenza viruses is produced as a precursor, ha0, which requires post translational cleavage by host proteases before it is functional and virus particles are infectious. The virus was first detected in 1996 in geese in china. Avian influenza ai, caused by the influenza virus typea, can affect several species of food producing.
Virus influenza a memiliki beberapa protein pada permukaannya, di antaranya protein hemaglutinin disingkat h atau ha serta protein neuraminidase disingkat na atau n. Gejala yang paling umum dari penyakit ini adalah menggigil, demam, nyeri tenggorokan, nyeri otot, nyeri kepala berat, batuk, kelelahan, dan rasa tidak nyaman secara umum. Beberapa isolat virus influenza a dapat menyebabkan penyakit yang berat, baik pada burung domestik unggas dan terkadang pada manusia. Human infections with novel avian influenza virus like asian h5n1 are concerning because of this pandemic potential. Pandemi influenza adalah wabah virus influenza yang menyebar pada skala dunia dan menginfeksi sebagian besar populasi dunia. Epidemiology of h5n1 avian influenza request pdf researchgate. The latter are composed of key genes from the 1918 virus, updated by subsequently incorporated avian influenza genes that code for novel surface proteins, making the 1918 virus indeed the mother of all pandemics. Di antara banyak subtipe virus influenza a, saat ini subtipe influenza a h1n1 dan a h3n2 adalah yang banyak beredar di antara manusia.
The initial outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza ah5n1 among poultry and. To identify environmental sites commonly contaminated by avian influenza virus a h5n1 in livebird markets in indonesia, we investigated 83 markets in 3 provinces in indonesia. A highly pathogenic avian influenza a h5n1 virus has crossed the species barrier to cause deaths in humans in asia and poses an increasing threat. Virus ini dapat menimbulkan gejala penyakit pernafasan mulai sedang atau bahkan infeksi tanpa gejala sampai dengan akutfatal pada unggas influenza a h5n1 adalah penyebab wabah flu burung pada hewan di hong kong. These viruses are classified as having low pathogenicity or high pathogenicity based on the severity of the illness they cause in poultry and most are not considered a public health threat. Lee is a postdoctoral researcher at the southeast poultry research laboratory, usda agricultural research service, athens, georgia, usa. Kombinasi jenis protein h dan protein n akan menentukan sifat virus dan penamaan subtipe virus influenza. Flu atau influenza merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus rna yang menginfeksi saluran pernafasan banyak manusia, hewan dan burung.
Deteksi antibodi serum terhadap virus avian influenza pada. In 1918, the cause of human influenza and its links to avian and swine influenza were unknown. Virus influenza bersirkulasi di setiap bagian dunia. Who guidelines for investigation of human cases of avian influenza. The type with the greatest risk is highly pathogenic avian influenza hpai.
At each market, samples were collected from up to 27 poultryrelated sites to assess the extent of contamination. Avian influenza a h5n1 virus causes human influenza like illness with a high rate of complications in adults admitted to hospital. Learn about bird flu viral subtypes and their detection. The term avian influenza used in this context refers to zoonotic human infection with an influenza strain that primarily affects birds. Avian influenza is a disease listed under the world organisation for animal health oie. Although it is a bird flu, it has infected a relatively small number of people.
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